- Rated voltage. The rated voltage of the transformer includes the primary rated voltage and the secondary rated voltage. The primary rated voltage refers to the rated voltage value connected to the end of the primary winding of the transformer. The secondary rated voltage refers to the voltage of the secondary winding when the voltage connected to the primary winding is the rated value, the tap changer is placed at the rated tap position, and the transformer is unloaded.
- Rated current. The rated current of the transformer includes the primary rated current and the secondary rated current, which respectively refers to the long-term allowable current of the primary and secondary windings that do not exceed the allowable temperature of each part under the rated voltage and the specified ambient temperature.
- Rated capacity. Rated capacity refers to the capacity transmitted by continuous operation of the transformer at rated voltage and rated current. For a double-winding transformer, its rated capacity is expressed as the capacity of the winding (the two windings of a double-winding transformer have the same rated capacity). For a three-winding transformer, the rated capacity of each winding should be given. The rated capacity of each winding of the three-winding transformer is the same, and some are different, and there are three types according to the capacity ratio of the three windings: 100%/100%/100%, 100%/100%/50%, 100%/50%/100%.
- Rated frequency. China’s standard industrial frequency is 50Hz.
- No load loss. No-load loss refers to the loss of the transformer when the rated voltage is applied to the terminal of one winding and the remaining winding is open. The loss of the transformer in the no-load state is mainly the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss in the iron core, so the no-load loss is also called the iron loss.
- Short-circuit loss. For a double-winding transformer, short-circuit loss refers to the power consumed by the transformer when one winding of the transformer is shorted and the current flowing through the other winding is rated current. For the three-winding transformer, the short-circuit loss measured by the three-winding pin-two short-circuit test should be provided, and when the capacity ratio of the three windings is 100%/100%/50% or 100%/50%/100%, the short-circuit loss data is the value when the smaller capacity side of the pair of windings reaches its rated current. Short-circuit loss is mainly caused by the resistance of the winding, so it is also called copper loss.
- Short-circuit voltage, also known as impedance voltage. For a double-winding transformer, the short-circuit voltage refers to the voltage applied when one winding is short-circuited and the voltage at the rated frequency is applied to the other winding, and the rated current flows through the short-circuited winding. There are three short-circuit voltages for the three-winding transformer, which are represented by three short-circuit voltages: high-medium, high-low and medium-low. Since the impedance of the high-capacity transformer is mainly reactance, the reactance of the transformer winding can be approximated by the short-circuit voltage, so the short-circuit voltage is a very important parameter, which is of great significance for the voltage variation and parallel operation of the transformer, for example, one of the conditions for the parallel operation of two transformers is to equal the short-circuit voltage. Unless otherwise specified, the short-circuit voltage is expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage of the applied voltage winding.
- No load current. No-load current refers to the current value of the transformer under no-load operation at rated voltage. The no-load current of a winding is usually expressed as a percentage of the rated current of that winding. For a three-winding transformer, this percentage is based on the winding with the highest rated capacity.
- Temperature rise. Temperature rise refers to the difference between the temperature of each part of the transformer and the temperature of the surrounding cooling medium.
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